Fourth to eustorjio calderon



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. 1:". SA'NTILLANA. LEVELING AND MEASURING TELEMETER. No. 499,939. Patented June 20, 1893.

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(No Model.) 2 Shets-Sheet 2. J. P. SANTILLANA.

LBVELING AND MEASURING TELEMETER. No. 499,939. Patented June20, 1893.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JUAN F. SANTILLANA, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- FOURTH TO EUSTORJIO CALDERON, OF SAME PLACE.

LEVELING AND MEASURING TELEIVIETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 499,939, dated June 20, 1893.

Application filed December 31,1892. Serial No. 466,897. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J UAN F. SANTILLANA, a citizen of San Salvador, residing in the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented an Improvement in Leveling and Measuring Telemeters; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to a device which I term a measuring and leveling telemeter.

It consists in certain details of construction which will be more fully explained by reference to theaccompanyingd rawin gs, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of my telemeter. Fig. 2 is a view of the front end of the telescope. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section through the center of the telescope, showing its connection with the compass case. Figs.

4, 5 and 6 are diagrams showing the telemcter in difierent positions.

The object of my invention is to provide a single apparatus in which by the use of a telescope which is movable in a vertical plane and adjustable to different angles, together with graduated rods to be set at distant points, I am enabled with but little calculation to accurately determine the distances of such points, and at the same time the apparatus is used as a level.

A is a tripod of any ordinary construction.

B is a disk having a shank O and universal joint by which it is supported from the top of the tripod, and D are leveling screws by which the disk is brought- .to a perfectly horizontal plane.

E is a level, which may be of any usual or suitable construction, fixed to one side of the disk, so that by turning the disk into positions at right angles with each other, it may be determined when the disk is level, or if desired two levels at right angles with each other. may be employed in the usual manner. Upon this disk is mounted a compasscase E having a needle and a card graduated to degrees in the usual manner, which may be used in surveying when desirable. This up-- per disk and compass case are rotatable upon the disk B about a vertical axis.

From one side of the case E extends an arm F projecting horizontally as shown, and having an arm F extending upwardly at right angles with it. This arm F is slotted as shown at G, and in this slot is fitted a sleeve or barrel H which is connected by an arm II with the screw I by which it may beraised or depressed. Within this sleeve is the central shaft J, to which the center of the telescope K is fixed, the shaft turning within the sleeve to allow the telescope to be turned to any desired vertical angle. By means of the adj usting screw, the telescope may be raised or depressed within the slot as may be desired.

L is a bar having a slot made through its center so that it fits upon the barFby which it is supported. At opposite ends of this bar are the upwardly projecting vertical portions M and M having scales marked upon them as shown. These scales may be of any description, but I have found that a metricalscale is more convenient, as the calculations can be more rapidly made with such a scale.

In the present case I have illustrated my apparatus as having the horizontal telescope support as fifty centimeters long, and the vertical arms M M as one decimeter in length, the subdivisions being made of any required degree of fineness.

N is a piece fixed upon one side and in the horizontal plane through the line of vision in the axis of the telescope. This piece extends to a point where it is in close proximity with the graduatio'ns upon the vertical arm M, and,

as the telescope is moved this pointindicates exactly the subdivision opposite which the axis of the telescope stands at that end.

O is a piece fixed upon the opposite end of the telescope, and P is an arm extending horizontally from it toward the vertical scale M. By means of a screw Q the arm? may be advanced or withdrawn, and made to correspond with either of the subdivisions of the vertical portion M. By means of aset screw the telescope may be fixed at any desired subdivision.

In using this apparatus I employ the usual leveling rods which may be subdivided as desired and have the movable targets upon them.

There are three positions in which I have shown this instrument, any one of which it may be necessary to occupy: in the first case,

when the instrument is set upon an inclined surface in which there is a gradual rise from the position of one of the rods to that of the other; in the second position when the ap- IOO We find then that to cut the imaginary her-i paratus stands upon a point above the base of both the rods; and, thirdly, when the apparatus is in a position in a valley below the bases of the two rods. In each of these cases the formula will differ slightly. 7 In the diagram illustrating these positions, I have shown in Fig. 4 the apparatus standing upon? an incline. The telescope being first set in a horizontal position in the lower part ofthe; slot G, the line of vision may be indicated by the letters g in. Thetelescope is then raised in the slot, and is inclined at the same time so as tocut the horizontal line are certain distance from the instrument-I The vets-car scales M M show the angular positions of the opposite ends of the telescope. In using the metrical system L'foi' conve'n-f ience, suppose that the inclined line ciits the; horizontal line at a point tennieters from the point of vision, and the linea c then repfe sents ten meters, the vertical line'c b represents O.1 or one hundred millimeters, and the dista'nce c d is equal to the distance be-i tween the two vertically graduated al'mfiM M whichin this case is 0".5. With these liglllGS known it is easy to calculate the other distance'st The proportion then formed will be as "follows:

Substituting the figures for the letters we have as 10 0* 21 who d f 'ton'tal line with the inclined line at adisia ee; of ten meters, the elevation of the rear ehdof, the telescope being 0".1 of ametefr, the other extreme "ot the telescope willstahd at 9.095 of a meter. Now, prolonging the lines of vision to the rod R sw have formed a triangle g ihj a which subtends the angle a b c, and 1111118: we forth the following proportibh, as

a c+b c a in+in g ,t 10 m 1 t Substituting va iie 0 1 g But in g is already known by the reading? upon the rod, and as 0.1 of ineteris only g The horizontal reading, for convenienca is taken upon both of the rods R S and T-U at thesaine tiineand as the horizontal line cuts the rod T U in g, and the inclined line cuts it in p we then form the triangle a p g which is similar to the triangle a b c. We have then the forini'ila a'czbczz agflpg'. Substituting then 7 10 i "d 'i00 r p which is the horizontai distance to a.

In the pr'evioiis'ease, we have ten meters is to one-tenth of a hietei as' a in is to in "g, or redhcdam'eqiials one hundred htg. But

'lfll g and p g are theresiil't or the readihgs'of the two rods,'an'd "to obtain the horizoiital'distance in g,"we must addthe two readiiigs'and multiply the same by time hundred. It is manifest that anyothet point of intersection of the two lines ihight be taken, as, 5,4, 3, &'c., but byiising ten meters as the point'of intersection "the work is in decimals, and is easily fighred out, a

'In the seeond instance, the instrument is higher than the foot of either of the rods. Fig. 5*illiistrates this position. Inthi'scase I have illustrated the positihn of the instruwent as d p c b. Thehb'iihbhtal distance is a g. The trianglesforinedbythe inclination of the telescope so that the ihelined line of vision cuts the horizontal aha are a b cand a "g 2, but we have seen in the "first nstance that the distance a g is equal to one-hunched times the readinggzhpon the rod, which is tv'voe'n' 2. aud o. In the same mannei' We hal- "cul'ate f s, and the whole distahee Taking the coinmonfactor puttiiigtwi'ee the From this we'c'ohclii'de that when the rest of r the rods are considerably belowthe foot of Theiastcaseis where the feet of the rods areab'ove the foot'of theii'istrtim'eht, asshown in diagram Fig. 6. In thiscasacohsiiier the distaneea c as before equal to ten meters, and the angle being onee'takehgit is o'nlyrie'cessary to rotate the teleseop'eaboiit itsjvei'tical axis'o'n thetrip'od to reverse the iine'of vision without'changing the ahgie; Thehh'se of the telescbpe inthisca'se is equal to hi'c and is in the line of the horizontal readings.

We then have this proportion f 10 n f fiand a f:100 n r.

m'd :'m11::d p p s.

Substituting and reducing we have 10 0".122dp :p s.

d p-l-a f=100 n f+100 p s.

Subtracting from this the distance a d which has been added twice, we have the distance from p to f, that is p a-I-a f :100 (n f-l-p s) a d.

10 p s: d p:100 p s.-

projecting therefrom, a vertically slotted arm, a telescope mounted upon a supporting shaft, and movable vertically in the line of said slot, a second bar fixed upon the horizontal arm extending parallel with the axis of the telescope, and having at its opposite ends the vertical arms M M with sub-divisions,indicators projecting from the opposite ends of the telescope to a horizontal line with the plane of its axis whereby the position of the line of vision with relation to the scales is accurately shown, substantially as herein described.

2. An instrument consisting of a horizontal disk with a supporting tripod and devices for leveling the disk, a second disk or compass case rotatable about a vertical axis upon the first disk, and having a horizontal arm projecting therefrom with a vertically slotted arm at its outer end, a telescope with a central arm adjustable in the vertical slot, and about which the telescope is turned to any desired vertical angle, vertical arms supported from the horizontal arm and having divisional links marked upon them opposite the ends of the telescope, and proportional to the horizontal distance between them, and indicators fixed to the ends of the telescope and movable therewith over the vertical scales, whereby readings are made from the scales proportional to readings from distant leveling rods, and said distances computed therefrom, substantially as herein described.

In witnesswhereof I have hereunto set my hand.

JUAN F. SANTILLANA. Witnesses:

GEO. H. STRONG, S. H. NOURSE. 

